Hasken rana: iri, kaddarorin da ma'anar
Ma'anar hasken rana: shine makamashin da Rana ke fitarwa a sararin samaniya.
Lokacin da muke magana game da adadin kuzarin hasken rana da ya isa saman duniyarmu, muna amfani da ra'ayi mai haske da haske.Hasken rana shine makamashin da aka karɓa a kowane yanki (J/m2), ƙarfin da aka karɓa a cikin wani lokaci da aka ba.Hakazalika, hasken rana shine ikon da aka karɓa nan take - ana bayyana shi a watts kowace murabba'in mita (W/m2)
Haɗin haɗakar makaman nukiliya yana faruwa a cikin tsakiya na hasken rana kuma shine tushen makamashin Rana.Hasken nukiliya yana samar da hasken lantarki na lantarki a mitoci daban-daban ko tsayin raƙuman ruwa.Hasken lantarki yana yaduwa a sararin samaniya a cikin saurin haske (299,792 km / s).
An Bayyana Hasken Rana: Tafiya cikin Nau'o'i da Muhimmancin Radiation na Rana
Ƙimar guda ɗaya ita ce madaidaicin rana;Matsakaicin hasken rana shine adadin radiation da ake samu nan take a kowane yanki na raka'a a cikin sashin waje na sararin duniya a cikin jirgin sama mai ma'ana da hasken rana.A matsakaita, ƙimar madaidaicin rana shine 1.366 W / m2.
Nau'in Radiation na Rana
Radiyoyin hasken rana sun ƙunshi nau'ikan radiation kamar haka:
Hasken Infrared (IR): Radiyon infrared yana ba da zafi kuma yana wakiltar 49% na hasken rana.
Hasken gani (VI): wakiltar 43% na radiation kuma suna ba da haske.
Ultraviolet haskoki (UV radiation): wakiltar 7%.
Sauran nau'ikan haskoki: wakiltar kusan 1% na jimlar.
Nau'in hasken ultraviolet
Bi da bi, ultraviolet (UV) haskoki sun kasu kashi uku:
Ultraviolet A ko UVA: Sauƙaƙe suna wucewa ta sararin samaniya, suna isa ga duk faɗin duniya.
Ultraviolet B ko UVB: Tsawon tsayi.Yana da wahalar wucewa ta cikin yanayi.Sakamakon haka, sun isa yankin equatorial da sauri fiye da a manyan latitudes.
Ultraviolet C ko UVC: Tsawon tsayi.Ba sa wucewa ta cikin yanayi.A maimakon haka, ruwan ozone yana shafe su.
Abubuwan Radiation na Rana
An rarraba jimlar hasken rana a cikin bakan da ba a taɓa gani ba tare da nau'in nau'in kararrawa, kamar yadda yake a cikin bakan jikin baƙar fata wanda aka tsara tushen hasken rana da shi.Saboda haka, ba ya mayar da hankali kan mita ɗaya.
Matsakaicin radiyo yana a tsakiya a cikin band na radiation ko bayyane haske tare da kololuwa a 500 nm wajen yanayin duniya, wanda yayi daidai da launin cyan kore.
A cewar dokar Wien, faifan radiyo mai aiki da hotuna suna yin oscillate tsakanin 400 zuwa 700 nm, yayi daidai da radiyo da ake iya gani, kuma yayi daidai da kashi 41% na jimillar radiation.A cikin hasken rana mai aiki na photosynthesis, akwai ƙananan igiyoyi tare da radiation:
blue-violet (400-490 nm)
kore (490-560 nm)
rawaya (560-590 nm)
orange-ja (590-700 nm)
Lokacin ketare yanayi, hasken rana yana fuskantar tunani, refraction, sha, da yaduwa ta iskar iskar gas iri-iri zuwa matsayi mai ma'ana a matsayin aikin mita.
Yanayin duniya yana aiki azaman tacewa.Bangaren sararin samaniya yana ɗaukar wani ɓangare na radiation, yana nuna sauran kai tsaye zuwa sararin samaniya.Sauran abubuwan da ke aiki azaman tacewa sune carbon dioxide, gajimare, da tururin ruwa, wanda wani lokaci yakan juya zuwa radiation mai yaduwa.
Dole ne mu tuna cewa hasken rana ba iri ɗaya ba ne a ko'ina.Misali, wurare masu zafi suna samun mafi yawan hasken rana saboda haskoki na Rana sun kusan karkata zuwa saman duniya.
Me yasa Radiation Solar Yake Bukatar?
Hasken rana shine tushen makamashi na farko kuma, saboda haka, injin da ke tafiyar da yanayin mu.Ƙarfin hasken rana da muke karɓa ta hanyar hasken rana yana da alhakin kai tsaye ko a kaikaice ga bangarori masu mahimmanci ga tsarin halitta kamar photosynthesis, kula da yanayin iska na duniya wanda ya dace da rayuwa, ko iska.
Ƙarfin hasken rana na duniya wanda ya kai saman duniya ya ninka ƙarfin da dukan ɗan adam ke cinyewa sau 10,000 a halin yanzu.
Ta yaya Radiation Rana ke shafar Lafiya?
Hasken ultraviolet na iya yin tasiri iri-iri akan fatar mutum gwargwadon ƙarfinsa da tsawon raƙuman ruwa.
UVA radiation na iya haifar da tsufa na fata da kuma ciwon daji na fata.Hakanan yana iya haifar da matsalolin ido da tsarin rigakafi.
UVB radiation yana haifar da kunar rana, duhu, kauri na waje na fata, melanoma, da sauran nau'in ciwon daji na fata.Hakanan yana iya haifar da matsalolin ido da tsarin rigakafi.
Layin ozone yana hana yawancin UVC radiation isa duniya.A fannin likitanci, UVC radiation kuma na iya fitowa daga wasu fitilu ko katako na laser kuma ana amfani dashi don kashe ƙwayoyin cuta ko taimakawa wajen warkar da raunuka.Ana kuma amfani da shi don magance wasu yanayin fata irin su psoriasis, vitiligo, da nodules akan fata waɗanda ke haifar da lymphoma T-cell na fata.
Mawallafi: Oriol Planas - Injiniyan Fasaha na Masana'antu
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-27-2023