Ma'anar Makamashin Rana tare da Misalai da Amfani

Ma'anar makamashin hasken rana tare da misalai da amfani
Ma'anar makamashin rana shine makamashin da ke fitowa daga Rana kuma zamu iya kama godiya ga hasken rana.Ana amfani da manufar makamashin hasken rana sau da yawa don komawa ga makamashin lantarki ko thermal da ake samu ta amfani da hasken rana.

Wannan tushen makamashi yana wakiltar tushen makamashi na farko a duniya.Domin shi ne tushen da ba ya ƙarewa, ana ɗaukarsa makamashi mai sabuntawa.

Daga wannan makamashi, ana samun wasu hanyoyin makamashi da yawa, kamar:

Ƙarfin iska, wanda ke sarrafa ƙarfin iska.Ana haifar da iska lokacin da Rana ta yi zafi da yawa na iska.
Kasusuwan kasusuwa: sun fito ne daga tsari mai tsayin gaske na rugujewar kwayoyin halitta.Masu bazuwar kwayoyin halitta sun kasance tsire-tsire masu photosynthesizing.
Makamashin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, wanda ke yin amfani da yuwuwar makamashin ruwa.Idan babu hasken rana, zagayowar ruwa ba zai yiwu ba.
Ƙarfin makamashi daga biomass, sake, shine sakamakon photosynthesis na shuke-shuke.
Wannan nau'in makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa shine madadin burbushin mai wanda baya fitar da iskar gas kamar carbon dioxide.

Misalan makamashin hasken rana
Wasu misalan makamashin hasken rana sun haɗa da:

Hanyoyin hasken rana na Photovoltaic suna samar da wutar lantarki;Ana amfani da waɗannan wurare a cikin gidaje, matsugunan tsaunuka, da sauransu.
Tashoshin wutar lantarki na Photovoltaic: su ne mahimman haɓakar bangarorin PV waɗanda manufarsu ita ce samar da wutar lantarki don samar da wutar lantarki.
Motocin hasken rana suna amfani da ƙwayoyin PV don canza hasken rana zuwa wutar lantarki don fitar da injin lantarki.
Masu girki masu amfani da hasken rana: an yi su ne da tsarin parabolic don tattara hasken rana zuwa wani wuri don ɗaga zafin jiki da kuma iya dafa abinci.
Tsarin dumama: tare da makamashin zafin rana, ana iya dumama ruwa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin da'irar dumama.
Dumama wurin wanka shine da'irar ruwa mai sauƙi wanda ruwa ke zagayawa tare da saitin masu tara zafin rana wanda aka fallasa ga rana.
Kalkuleta: Wasu na'urorin lantarki suna da ƙaramin panel na hasken rana don samar da wuta ga da'irar lantarki.
Samun iska daga hasken rana wani nau'in makamashi ne na hasken rana wanda ke amfani da zafin rana don fitar da sarari.Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a cikin gidaje da gine-gine don inganta ingancin iska da rage farashin makamashi.Ana iya amfani da iskar hasken rana don shaka ɗaki ɗaya ko ginin gaba ɗaya.
Photosynthesis wata hanya ce ta halitta da tsire-tsire ke amfani da ita don canza makamashin hasken rana zuwa makamashin sinadarai.
Nau'in Makamashin Rana
Akwai nau'ikan fasahar makamashin hasken rana iri uku:

Ƙarfin hasken rana na Photovoltaic: Ƙungiyoyin hasken rana na PV sun ƙunshi wani abu wanda, lokacin da hasken rana ya tashi, ya saki electrons kuma ya haifar da wutar lantarki.
Thermal makamashin hasken rana: Wannan tsarin yana amfani da damar zafin zafin rana.Ana canza hasken rana zuwa makamashi mai zafi don dumama ruwa wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don dumama ruwan zafi na gida.A cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, ana samar da tururi kuma, daga baya, wutar lantarki.
Ƙarfin hasken rana hanya ce mai amfani don cin gajiyar zafin rana ba tare da amfani da albarkatun waje ba.Misali, masu ginin gine-gine na iya karkatar da gidaje kuma su yanke shawarar inda za su sanya tagogi, la’akari da inda za a sami hasken rana.Ana kiran wannan fasaha da gine-ginen bioclimatic.
Ta yaya ake Samar da Makamashin Rana?
Ta fuskar zahiri, ana samar da makamashin hasken rana a cikin Rana ta hanyar juzu'in halayen nukiliya.Lokacin da wannan makamashi ya iso gare mu a duniya, za mu iya amfani da shi ta hanyoyi da yawa:

Solar panels tare da photovoltaic sel.Ana yin ginshiƙan hotunan hoto daga wani abu wanda, lokacin karɓar haske, kai tsaye ionizes kuma ya saki lantarki.Ta wannan hanyar, hasken rana yana canzawa zuwa makamashin lantarki.
Amfani da masu tara hasken rana waɗanda aka ƙera don canza hasken rana zuwa makamashin zafi.Manufarsa ita ce zafi da wani ruwa da ke zagayawa a ciki.A wannan yanayin, ba mu da wutar lantarki, amma muna da ruwa a matsanancin zafin jiki wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a yawancin aikace-aikace.
Ƙaddamar da makamashin hasken rana wani tsari ne wanda ke nuna duk hasken hasken rana zuwa wuri mai mahimmanci don isa ga yanayin zafi.Ana amfani da wannan fasaha a cikin tsire-tsire na thermosolar don samar da makamashi.
Tsarin makamashin hasken rana mai wucewa yana amfani da hasken rana ba tare da shigar da makamashin waje ba.Misali, zane-zane na gine-gine yana ba da damar iyakar hasken rana a cikin hunturu kuma guje wa wuce gona da iri a lokacin rani.
Nau'in Tashoshin Rana
Ana amfani da kalmar hasken rana don hanyoyi biyu (photovoltaic da thermal).A kowane hali, ƙirar ta bambanta sosai dangane da irin fasahar hasken rana da za a yi amfani da ita don:

Thermal thermal panel yana amfani da hasken rana don dumama wani ruwa da ke juya zafi zuwa wani ruwa sannan ya dumama ruwa.Ana amfani da dumama ruwan zafi a gidaje don samun ruwan zafi.
Panel na photovoltaic yana amfani da kaddarorin takamaiman abubuwan semiconductor da aka sanya a cikin sel na hasken rana.Kwayoyin hasken rana suna samar da makamashin lantarki lokacin da aka yi amfani da hasken rana.Godiya ga abin da ake kira tasirin photovoltaic, bayyanar da rana yana haifar da motsi na electrons a cikin wani sashi (yawanci silicon), yana samar da wutar lantarki mai ci gaba.
Har ila yau, madaidaicin hasken rana yana amfani da jerin madubai masu kama da juna tare da tsarin layi.Manufar waɗannan madubin shine a tattara hasken rana zuwa wani wuri mai zurfi don isa yanayin zafi mai girma don samar da tururi.
Amfanin makamashin hasken rana

Yin amfani da Ƙarfin Rana: Jagora ga Photovoltaics
Ƙarfin hasken rana yana da amfani da aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda za a iya taƙaita su cikin abubuwa uku:

Ruwan Zafi na Gida DHW
Ana amfani da dumama ruwan rana don samar da ruwan zafi na cikin gida (DHW) da dumama gidaje da ƙananan gine-gine.An gina tasoshin wutar lantarki da hasken rana wanda ta hanyar amfani da injin tururi, ke mayar da zafin da aka adana zuwa wutar lantarki.

Duk da haka, ba a yi amfani da waɗannan samfura sosai ba saboda ƙarancin aikin waɗannan na'urorin lantarki idan aka kwatanta da tsadar kuɗi da rashin isasshen wutar lantarki.

Samar da Wutar Lantarki
Ana amfani da bangarori na hotovoltaic a cikin keɓaɓɓen tsarin hasken rana don ƙarfafa na'urori daga hanyoyin sadarwar lantarki (bincike sararin samaniya, masu maimaita tarho mai tsayi, da sauransu).Hakanan ana amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikacen da ke da ƙarancin buƙatun makamashi wanda haɗin kai zuwa grid ɗin wutar lantarki ba zai zama mai tattalin arziki ba (alamomin haske, mitocin ajiye motoci, da sauransu).

Waɗannan na'urori dole ne a sanye su da na'urorin tarawa waɗanda za su iya tara yawan wutar lantarki da ake samarwa a rana don kunna kayan aiki cikin dare da lokacin girgije, yawanci batir masu amfani da hasken rana.

Hakanan ana amfani da su a cikin manyan hanyoyin haɗin grid, kodayake wutar lantarki tana canzawa a yanayin yau da kullun da yanayi.Saboda haka, yana da wuya a iya tsinkaya kuma ba shirye-shirye ba.

Wannan katsewa yana sa ya zama ƙalubale don saduwa da buƙatar wutar lantarki a kowane lokaci, sai dai don samarwa tare da faffadan aminci sama da kololuwar buƙatun shekara.Duk da haka, kasancewar kololuwar samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da hasken rana a lokacin rani, tana gudanar da daidaita yawan buƙatun ciki saboda na'urorin sanyaya iska.

Menene Ribobi da Fursunoni na Wutar Rana?
Amfani da makamashin hasken rana ya ƙunshi takamaiman ribobi da fursunoni.

Babban suka ko kuma koma baya sune:

Babban farashin saka hannun jari a kowace kilowatt da aka samu.
Yana bayar da inganci sosai.
Ayyukan da aka samu ya dogara da jadawalin rana, yanayi, da kalanda.Saboda wannan dalili, yana da wuya a san abin da wutar lantarki za mu iya samu a wani lokaci.Wannan koma baya yana ɓacewa tare da sauran hanyoyin makamashi, kamar makamashin nukiliya ko burbushin halittu.
Yawan kuzarin da ake buƙata don yin hasken rana.Samar da bangarori na hotovoltaic yana buƙatar makamashi mai yawa, sau da yawa ta amfani da hanyoyin makamashi marasa sabuntawa kamar kwal.
A gefe guda, dole ne ku yi la'akari da amfanin makamashin hasken rana:

Masu ba da shawararta suna tallafawa rage farashi da ribar inganci saboda tattalin arziƙin sikeli da haɓaka fasaha a tsarin hasken rana na gaba.
Dangane da rashin wannan tushen makamashi da daddare, sun kuma yi nuni da cewa, ana kaiwa ga kololuwar kololuwar amfani da wutar lantarki da rana, wato a lokacin da ake yawan samar da makamashin hasken rana.
Tushen makamashi ne mai sabuntawa.Ma'ana, ba shi da iyaka.
Makamashi ba ya gurɓata: ba ya haifar da iskar gas, sabili da haka, baya taimakawa wajen tsananta matsalar sauyin yanayi.
Mawallafi: Oriol Planas - Injiniyan Fasaha na Masana'antu